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Between 19, Sydney lost a net number of 716,832 people to the rest of Australia but its population has continued to grow, largely due to immigration.ĭespite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities in the world. Furthermore, 45.4% of the population reported having been born overseas, and the city has the third-largest foreign-born population of any city in the world after London and New York City. In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language other than English at home.
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At the time of the 2011 census, more than 250 different languages were spoken in Sydney. After World War II, it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world. A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851, and over the next century, Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842. Phillip named the settlement after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area. Around 29 clan groups of the Eora Nation inhabited the region at the time of European contact. Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years, and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region, making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites. The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the ' Emerald City' and the 'Harbour City'. As of June 2020, Sydney's estimated metropolitan population was 5,367,206, meaning the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population.
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Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders". Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km (43.5 mi) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney ( / ˈ s ɪ d n i/ ( listen) SID-nee Dharug: Gadi Greater Sydney, Dharug: Eora ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.